Java:常量池

常量池在java用于保存在编译期已确定的，已编译的class文件中的一份数据。它包括了关于类，方法，接口等中的常量，也包括字符串常量，如String s = "java"这种申明方式；当然也可扩充，执行器产生的常量也会放入常量池，故认为常量池是JVM的一块特殊的内存空间。

蛋疼的Integer

Integer i1 = 40;
Integer i2 = 40;
Integer i3 = 0;
Integer i4 = new Integer(40);
Integer i5 = new Integer(40);
Integer i6 = new Integer(0);

System.out.println("i1=i2   \t" + (i1 == i2));
System.out.println("i1=i2+i3\t" + (i1 == i2 + i3));
System.out.println("i4=i5   \t" + (i4 == i5));
System.out.println("i4=i5+i6\t" + (i4 == i5 + i6));

i1=i2   	true
i1=i2+i3	true
i4=i5   	false
i4=i5+i6	true

Java为了提高性能提供了和String类一样的对象池机制，当然Java的八种基本类型的包装类（Packaging Type）也有对象池机制。Integer i1=40；Java在编译的时候会执行将代码封装成Integer i1=Integer.valueOf(40);

/* ...
 * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
 * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
 */
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
	assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
	if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
		return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
	return new Integer(i);
}
...
private static class IntegerCache {
	static final int low = -128;
	static final int high;
	static final Integer cache[];

	static {
		// high value may be configured by property
		int h = 127;
		String integerCacheHighPropValue =
			sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
		if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
			int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
			i = Math.max(i, 127);
			// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
			h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
		}
		high = h;

		cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
		int j = low;
		for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
			cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
	}

	private IntegerCache() {}
}

• 参考文章 http://www.cnblogs.com/DreamSea/archive/2011/11/20/2256396.html