Gentoo:包管理常见问题

包冲突

!!! Error: the mail-mta/postfix package conflicts with another package.
!!!        both can't be installed on the same system together.
!!!        Please use 'emerge --pretend' to determine blockers.

# 使用--pretend选项查看冲突
[blocks B     ] mail-mta/ssmtp (is blocking mail-mta/postfix-2.2.2-r1)

解决办法通常是只安装其中之一。

Masked包

!!! all ebuilds that could satisfy "bootsplash" have been masked.

!!! possible candidates are:
  
- gnome-base/gnome-2.8.0_pre1 (masked by: ~x86 keyword)
- lm-sensors/lm-sensors-2.8.7 (masked by: -sparc keyword)
- sys-libs/glibc-2.3.4.20040808 (masked by: -* keyword)
- dev-util/cvsd-1.0.2 (masked by: missing keyword)
- games-fps/unreal-tournament-451 (masked by: package.mask)
- sys-libs/glibc-2.3.2-r11 (masked by: profile)
- net-im/skype-2.1.0.81 (masked by: skype-eula license(s))

软件包被Masked原因可能是：

1. ~arch keyword：未经过充分测试
2. -arch keyword |-* keyword：架构不兼容
3. missing keyword：未在当前架构上进行过测试
4. package.mask：指定的包存在问题，不被建议使用
5. profile：与当前的profile不兼容
6. license：该包的协议未被认可。可以修改ACCEPT_LICENSE 变量的值。/etc/portage/package.license或者 /etc/portage/make.conf